Biomedical waste management Essays

Biomedical waste management Essays Biomedical waste management Essay Biomedical waste management Essay CHAPTER-V Discussion This survey was conducted to measure the cognition and pattern sing biomedical waste direction among staff nurses working in JIPMER infirmary, Puducherry the sum of 300 staff nurses were participated and the cognition and pattern assessed by utilizing structured questionnaire. The survey consequence shows that the mean cognition mark among the survey participants was 20.5 out of 25. 70.7 % of staff nurses had first-class cognition, and 29 % had mean to good cognition in biomedical waste direction. Knowledge approximately Biomedical waste and its direction The survey consequences show about 99 % of staff nurses had known approximately Biomedical waste and 88.3 % of them know about the aims of Biomedical waste direction in infirmary. A survey carried out by the wellness attention supplier in third attention infirmary in Rajkot showed similar consequences about 95 % of survey topics were cognizant of biomedical waste direction. Knowledge of bio jeopardy symbol Bio jeopardy symbol is critical in biomedical waste direction. These survey consequences show that 92.3 % of staff nurse right identified the bio jeopardy symbol. Chudasama et Al ( 2013 ) , Vishal et Al ( 2013 ) , Mathew et Al ( 2011 ) , showed that 82 % to 87 % of their survey participants severally were identified the bio jeopardy symbol right. The consequence of this survey is somewhat higher than these surveies. This survey includes merely staff nurse, these surveies done on all type of wellness attention supplier including sanitation and housekeeping workers, may be due to this fluctuation occurred. Knowledge of hazard of infection transmittal: The hazard of infection transmittal from a biomedical waste is high when it was non handled decently. Around 90 % of survey, topics had knowledge on the hazard of disease transmittal to hepatitis B, C, HIV etc. , from biomedical waste. A KAP survey on staff nurses of the private infirmary of Udupi metropolis showed that 77.5 % had cognition of the hazard of disease transmittal which is relatively less than this survey consequences. Similarly, other surveies knowledge on the hazard of disease transmittal varies from 84- 92 % . Knowledge of composing of biomedical waste: The survey consequence shows around 52 % of survey capable had cognition on the right composing of the biomedical waste. Merely 15 % of waste was generated in the infirmary were infective, if nurses understand this construct so segregation of the waste is critical event in biomedical waste direction. Knowledge of topographic point of segregation of biomedical waste Segregation of waste is a important minute in whole biomedical waste direction. The major part of biomedical waste direction is segregation of waste at the topographic point of beginning. In this survey, merely 66 % of survey topics were cognizant that topographic point of segregation is place beginning of the waste. Knowledge on this point is relatively less than other spheres. Knowledge of colour cryptography of biomedical waste direction Color coded bin and screens are of import tools in biomedical waste direction. Knowledge of these colour codification aid in segregation and intervention of the biomedical waste decently. There are four types of colourss coded bins and screens in BMW. These are ruddy, bluish, xanthous, and black colourss. A Red colour bin for blood contamination. About 95 % of survey participants had cognition of this colour coding system used in biomedical waste direction. The similar consequence are seen in Vanesh Mathur et Al. ( 2011 ) , Savan Sara Mathew et Al. ( 2011 ) , approximately 93 % of these survey participants had cognition of colour cryptography. But the consequence of Chudasama et Al. ( 2013 ) show merely 85 % of survey participants had cognition of colour coding which relatively less than this survey. Knowledge of methods of biomedical waste direction and disposal The consequence of our survey showed that 75 % of survey topics were cognizant of the methods of BMW and its disposal. A similar consequence was seen in a survey conducted in third attention infirmary Bhopal Vishal et Al. ( 2013 ) around 75 % of the staff nurses had knowledge on methods of disposal. Another cross sectional survey done in third attention learning infirmary in Ludhiana showed that cognition of the method of biomedical waste disposal was 100 % among staff nurses and on comparison staff nurse had more cognition in this sphere than other wellness attention suppliers. Knowledge of disease spread by biomedical waste The survey consequence showed that around 90 % of this survey participants were cognizant that the disease can distribute from improperly managed biomedical waste. Chudasma et Al. and Mathew et Al. showed that similar consequence, 89 % and 92 % of the survey participants aware about the disease can be transmited through biomedical waste. Asadullah et Al. ( 2012 to 2013 ) carried out a survey among the staff nurses in Udupi, Karnataka ; India showed that 77 % survey participants had equal, unequal cognition on the disease transmittal. Knowledge of needle stick hurt and station exposure prophylaxis The survey consequence showed that cognition of needle stick hurt and station exposure prophylaxis was about 77.6 % among the survey topic. Our survey consequence showed that Out of 300 participants, 266 ( 88.6 % ) had immunized for hepatitis B. A KAP survey done in third infirmary in New Delhi ( Sharma et al. 2011 ) among wellness attention personal showed that 50.2 % of survey participants had cognition of disease transmittal by needle stick hurts. 91.1 % of survey topics are vaccinated for HBV. Sarika P Patil et Al. ( 2011 ) , the cross-sectional survey survey was conducted in Tertiary Care Government Hospital in Dhule ( Maharashtra ) , India. The consequence showed 81.7 % ( 125 ) were immunized for hepatitis B. and lockjaw severally. and among the 34 non immunized for hepatitis B.The bulk of the participants staff nurses were immunized. Overall cognition: Overall mean mark of cognition on biomedical waste direction was 20 ( Markss ) . Sub group analysis showed that there is no a important mean mark difference of cognition on biomedical waste direction among gender, educational position, experience and BMW preparation position. Asadullah et Al. ( 2012 to 2013 ) carried out a survey among the staff nurse in Udupi, Karnataka, India showed that important association between instruction position and mean cognition, score the difference seen between Diploma Holder and ANM. The minimal instruction degree for staff nurse is diploma hence in this have ANM, due to this we didn’t happen this difference. The mean mark is classified as Poor Knowledge ( A ; lt ; 40 % in the entire cognition mark ) , Average to good cognition ( 40-79 in the entire cognition mark ) , and first-class cognition ( A ; gt ; 80 in the entire Knowledge mark ) . The survey consequence showed that 70.7 % of the staff nurses had first-class, and 29 % had good cognition on biomedical waste direction. When comparing the norm to good cognition and first-class cognition classs between gender instruction position, experience and BMW preparation position showed that important association ( 5 % ) between the cognition and gender. Biomedical waste direction pattern The direct observation of BMW pattern in 50 wards showed that equal figure. Of bio medical waste bins as per bio medical waste direction usher lines ( xanthous, bluish and black ) in all wards ( 100 % ) . All wards have hub cutter for acerate leafs and panpipes which all in working status and all of them utilizing personal protective steps like a mask, baseball mitts, etc. The BMW records were non maintained in any of the wards. The pattern of managing the disposal of fictile waste, soiled dressings/plaster casts/linen waste, sharps and acerate leafs waste and human anatomical waste were about 100 % . Chudasama et Al. ( 2013 ) showed that 87 % reported holding hub cutter in wards. Around 84 % of participants are utilizing personal protective steps like a mask, baseball mitts, etc. while managing BMW. Study consequence showed that 74.5 % of participants reported that there is the good care of BMW records in wards and 87 % reported holding hub cutter in wards. The pattern of managing d isposal fictile waste, soiled dressings/plaster casts/linen waste, sharps and acerate leafs waste and human anatomical waste are 80 % , 66.8 % , 63 % and 63.1 % severally. This fluctuation occurred because in this survey research worker observed straight the wards, non the person survey participants. The Chudasama et Al. ( 2013 ) carried out it separately. The blood spill kit and station exposure prophylaxis kit were available in 20 % of wards entirely. Overall the cognition of the biomedical waste direction among staff nurses in the third attention learning infirmary was good. The biomedical waste direction pattern was satisfactory except the BWM records were non maintained decently. 1

GARFIELD Surname Meaning and Family History

GARFIELD Surname Meaning and Family History Garfield is a surname thought to have originated as a habitational name for someone from a lost or unidentified place, from  the Old English gar, meaning triangular land, and feld, meaning open country or field. Other possible origins of the Garfield name include the Saxon garwian, meaning to prepare, or the German and Dutch gar, meaning dressed, prepared or a field or place furnished for an army. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings:  GARFELD, GARFEELD Where Is the Garfield Surname Most Common? According to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, Garfield is most commonly found in the United Kingdom, with a large number of individuals with the surname living in the West Midlands. In the United States, the Garfield surname is most common in Utah, followed by Vermont, New Hampshire, Montana, Massachusetts and New Mexico. Forebears  identify the Garfield last name in England as being most common in Worcestershire (551st most common last name), followed by Huntingdonshire, Northamptonshire, and Warwickshire. In the United States, Garfield is most common in Utah, Montana, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Nevada, and Maine. Interestingly, the Garfield surname is also fairly common in Jamaica and Taiwan. Famous People with the GARFIELD  Surname James A. Garfield  - 20th president of the United StatesAndrew Garfield  -  American actorHenry Garfield  - birth name of American artist and musician Henry RollinsJason Garfield - juggler; founder of the World Juggling FederationRichard Garfield - creator of the game Magic: The GatheringEugene Garfield - American scientist Genealogy Resources for the Surname GARFIELD Meanings of Common English  SurnamesUncover the meaning of your English  last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common English surnames. Garfield  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Garfield  family crest or coat of arms for the Garfield surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. GARFIELD  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Garfield  ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives to find messages related to your Garfield ancestry, or join the group to post your own Garfield query. FamilySearch - GARFIELD  GenealogyExplore over 100,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Garfield surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GARFIELD  Surname Mailing ListA free mailing list is available for researchers of the Garfield  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archive of past messages. GeneaNet - Garfield  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Garfield  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Garfield  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Garfield  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry of James Garfield, 20th U.S. PresidentExplore the ancestry of President Garfield, including his ancestors, descendants, and famous kin. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Exam questions in History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exam questions in History - Essay Example Analyzing the factual evidences and the historical facts, it becomes lucid that Columbus enjoys a distinction among the explorers which is not completely substantiated by his deeds. It is a fact that he initiated some important explorations which helped the European explorers to establish their imperial superiority in the land. However, it does not adequately establish his role as the chief explorer of the European desires and, in fact, he fell short of his ultimate goals. "Christopher Columbus is an unlikely figure to be considered the discoverer of America and the leading symbol of European exploration overseas... None of this is certain and probably never will be... By contrast, Columbus...knew what he was looking for--a sea passage that would carry him to the fabled wealth of China by sailing west from Europe. This is not what he found." (Marshall, 1998, p 16). The most essential irony of his life and explorations is that Columbus, all through his life, failed to recognize that h e had not reached the Orient but had stumbled upon vast lands totally new to the European mind. Thus, Columbus was a failure in achieving his ultimate goal and was a self-conscious explorer driven by the craving for discovery. It was never Columbus but others who found the full significance of his discoveries. In short, the profound popularity of Christopher Columbus is not completely substantiated by his actions. A. Module 1, Q 2: The actions of the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch explorers and colonizers and their impact on the native peoples, the environment, and Europe. Explorations and colonization by the European explorers including the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch explorers have influenced the course of human history in general and that of the native peoples in particular. These sea-faring nations of Europe were determined to enlarge their influence on the rest of the world through their explorations and colonization in the early fifteenth century. The main motive of these explorations and colonization was profit and the native peoples needed to suffer for the advantage of the European nations. The impact of the actions by the European explorers was favorable to the Europe, while the native peoples and their environment were adversely affected. The European explorers such as the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch attempted to discover better trade routes to Asia and the trade interests in home nations increased tremendously. Explorations were also fueled by the interest for colonization by the European nation, along with the quest for kno wledge about the new lands. The entire Europe has been enjoying the fruits of the explorations and colonization by the early explorers, while the colonized and explored lands of Asia, Africa, and America have been deeply disfavored by these explorations. "The nineteenth century was the great age of European expansion. For 300 years, following the voyages of Columbus, Da Gama, and Magellan, the shadow of the European hegemony had been moving across the oceans. For ten generations hardy explorers, traders, and colonizers had been hoisting sail in the harbours of the Old World to lay the broad

Smart Airlines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Smart Airlines - Research Paper Example In the course of determining the state of the economy, it is critical to adopt and incorporate Porter’s five forces analysis. It is essential to note that the power of suppliers in the airline industry is immense, courtesy of external environment’s influence that affects the three inputs: fuel, labor, and aircraft, thus the high power of suppliers. For instance, the cost of aviation fuel tends to fluctuate in relation to the global market for the oil because of the geopolitical and other factors. Secondly, it is essential to note that the power of buyers in the airline industry is moderate to high. This relates to the proliferation of the online ticketing approach, as well as distribution systems. Flyers no longer have to be at the mercy of the intermediaries or agents and airlines to the satisfaction of the ticketing needs. In addition, the entry of low-cost carriers has been of great benefit to the fliers or consumers. Similarly, buyers enjoy massive protection in relation to the tight regulation on the demand side of the airline industry. These factors make airline industry to cede power to the consumers, thus the moderate to high threat of power of buyers. The industry requires significant or huge capital investment to facilitate entering or exiting of the sector. From this perspective, the industry boasts of high entry and exit barriers. From this perspective, the industry tends to experience low threats of new entrants because of the high costs. The airline industry in the United States is extremely competitive.

Adam Bede Essay Example for Free

Adam Bede Essay George Eliot s novels are all dramas of moral conflict. She did not believe in art for arts sake, but in art for moralitys sake. According to Leslie Stephen, George Eliot believed that a work-of art not only may. but must, exercise also an ethical influence. She believed that, our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. If we yield to temptation and sin, suffering and nemesis are sure to follow. We have to reap the consequences of our own actions. Her characters suffer because they violate some moral code, because they yield to temptation whether consciously or unconsciously, in Adam Bede both Hetty and Arthur suffer for this reason. Poignant tragedy is the result because both Arthur and Hetty are creatures of weak moral fibre. They are unable to resist temptation. This moral weakness results in sin, which is followed by punishment and intense suffering. Arthur-Hetty story traces the movement from weakness to sin and from sin to nemesis. Stratagems of Passion The stratagems of passion are seen with illuminating c1arrty when Arthur, after luncheon, is unable to recall the feelings and reflections which had been decisive in his decision to avoid Hetty. We are told of his conscious thoughts, and the self-deceptions and distortions of truth that we see in them make, so to speak, a chart of the subconscious force of his impulse to see her-as a strong underwater current, showing nosing on the surface, is yet known to be present by the extent to which its pull on the keel of a ship alters its course. It is in such accounts of motives, conscious and unconscious, that Arthur is created and exists as a character in the novel. Our recognition of his good intentions, self-deceptions and weaknesses of will make the portrayal real and acceptable to us. Maturity through Love We are not permitted to see the process by which Dinah is enabled to . overcome her fear, and it is a serious flaw in the novel that it is so. All, we learn is that having been told by Adam of his love for her and having admitted in turn a love for him, Oinah once more retreats to Stonyshire, not staying even long enough to participate in the Harvest Supper. Adam, after waiting for several weeks, is no longer able to endure the strain and sets out for Stonyshire to find her. As he leaves the Loamshire world and enters gray treeless Stonyshire, he is reminded of the painful past, but in an altered light~ for now he possesses what George Eliot calls a sense of enlarged being, the consequences of thtt ruller life brought about by his suffering. He sees Stonyshire now through Dinahs eyes, as it were, and ifhis vision includes the barren land, it also includes the wonderful flooding light and the large embracing sky. Adam waits for Dinah to return from her Sunday preaching not at her home, but on a hill top. Here, in the midst of her world, he discovers that Dnah has undergone a change, the power of her love for him has in a sense overcome her fears; she feels like cl divided person without him, and she is willing †¢to become his wife. He, therefore, takes her back to Loamshire whence she had so fled. It is not, however, to the green and golden world of. June with which the book began; rather to an autumnal mature world. Here, on a rimy morning in departing November, when there is a tinge of sadness in the weather as well as in the joy which accompanies the wedding, Adam and Dinah are married. it is in the fitness of things that they should so come together, for they are bound to either by their common suffering for Hetty and by their painful memories, suffering gives rise to sympathy, and love based on such sympathy alone can be fruitful and lasting. Critic after critic has expressed the view that Adam is too good to be true. It has been said that he is a perfect human being, George Eliots ideal, fully mature and enlightened from the very beginning. But the truth is otherwise. A moment’s reflection shows that he is proud, hard and self-righteous with little sympathy for ordinary sinners, which we all poor mortals are. As a matter of fact, the novel traces the process by which he gradually sheds his faultsof his education, enlightenment and maturity, through a process of suffering and love-and becomes ultimately a complete man, a fully integrated personality, through his love of Dinah and his marriage with her. The process of his education occupies the centre of the novel. The point would become clear, if we briefly consider this process. Hard and Self-righteous There can be no denying the fact that Adam is hard and self-righteous. In the very chapter we are told,† The idle tramps always felt sure they could get a copper from Seth; they scarcely ever spoken to Adam. This is the flaw (not a fatal one) in Adams innocence: In fact, Adam is a stone-hearted person at the very beginning. The very fault in him lies in his over-confidence which makes him to think that he is righteous and it is not wrong in any way. This is told to us by the hymns he sings and the ending with the same hymn is not only appropriate but it also gives him the impression how much significant the hyn1n is? He does not harm anybody, knowingly. Not for a single moment he thinks when he hurts anybody. He is much confident about his doings, Ive seen pretty clear, ever since I could cast up a sum, as you can never do whats wrong without breeding sin and trouble more than you can ever seen. His confidence is shaken when he catches his friend red handed while making love with his beloved Hett}, in the woods. He realises his mistakes, how incomplete his mental seeing has been! He understood it all now-the locket, and everything else that had been doubtful to him a terrible scorching light showed him the hidden letters that changed the meaning of the past. Here starts the process of his education and self-realisation. Realities of Midlands’ Life: George Eliots novels reveal the very aspects of the English Midlands, more specially Warwickshire and Coventry. The†¢ beauty of these Midlands plains caught the attraction of her eyes and these plains found their setting in her novels. Quite a feature of the scenery-and indeed of Warwickshire generally is that the hedges are everywhere closely painted with trees, whose height, as well as the riotous wastefulness of the hedgerose, give evidence of a kindly soil and climate. Methodic Themes: Written by Feuerbach, The Essence of Christianity was translated into English by George Eliot. The influence of Feuerbach can be seen in George Eliot, in her works. In the above mentioned book, Feuerbach talks about the religious significance of water, wine and bread. All of three are sacred for him. The reason for the sacredness of water lies in the fact that it isa force of nature and it keeps us reminding that we have our origins in nature, the same origin of other lower creatures. Thus necessity of water symbolises our oneness with nature and Baptism as well. Wine and bread are man made things which look towards nature for the raw-material, thus symbolises that man is much superior to other lower creatures who are not so efficient to modify natural things. In the Christian ritual of Baptism, only water is used, for innocent and pure-hefirted childr~n. Whereas for the mature man, the Lords supper which includes wine and bread, is served. It suggests that man is much above animals. If the man is hungry and thirsty, he will no more remain a human being and taking of bread and wine restores him to his humanity. This truth is revealed to us through three suppers which is taken by Adam and his humanity kept ever-present in him. References Eliot. George. Adam Bede. New York: Penguin. 1996. Greegor. G. R. George Eliot: a collection of critical essays. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. , Prentice Hall. 1970. Ian Adam.Character and Destiny in George Eliots Fiction. Nineteenth-Century Fiction. University of California Press 1965. 127-143 Jones, Robert Tudor A critical commentary on George Eliots Adam Bede. London: Macmillan. 1968. Levine. G. L The Cambridge companion to George Eliot. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pletzen, E Van. Eliots Adam Bede. The Explicator. 56, no. 1, (1997): 23. Thale, Jerome. The novels of George Eliot. New York, Columbia University Press, 1959. Watt, Ian P. The Victorian novel; modern essays in criticism. London, New York, Oxford University Press, 1971.

the civil war Essay -- essays research papers

Being a typical and traditional father has always been the role of every father. Every traditional father has a different attitude towards his son, they want their son to see life the rough way, be responsible, and have a very typical attitude towards life. In the story â€Å"Powder† written by Tobias Wolff the fathers thoughts are not traditional and typical, like most fathers. The father in the story wants his son to experience life in a different way. He wants the son to live the life that he chooses, instead of living a forced or a conditioned life. The story reveals the conflict between the father and son relation where the father is trying to expose his son to reality and freedom. The mother has a conflict with the father because of his leniency and the carefree attitude towards her son. The father always pushes his limits for him and his son to have a good time whenever they are together. Before they left home to go skiing a day before Christmas dinner, the father promised to bring the son home for the Christmas dinner. Once they started skiing the father loved his sons company and he was having a great time looking at his son enjoying himself skiing. The father was not thinking or even worried about getting home for Christmas dinner because he was happy at that moment for himself and his son. It was snowing before getting into the last run the father knew he could run out of time, but he didn’t care and did what he was enjoying. Saying that he wanted to go for the last ru...

Draft Statistics on Health Care Prescription Errors Essay

Relation between Error in Healthcare prescription and the inconsistency in Technological information Introduction Background Information            A lot of errors are occurring within the healthcare field lately. They are a result of many factors. Among the principle causes of error are related to wrong prescriptions. As indicated by Benjamin (770), one of the elements that is playing a key role ion this is the use of advanced technological methods. Computers have been used to aid in the computerized entry of prescription orders. Depending on the intensity of the prescription, they can result in serious injuries on the patient or even lead to fatality incidences. In turn, they lead to unnecessary court cases and legal suits that eventually cost many healthcare institutions and practitioners a lot of money that is paid to cater for the damages (Carroll 52-8). As such, there is a need to study the main causes of wrong prescription to ensure that such avoidable consequences are kept at their possible minimal rates. The main questions that will be answered in this study include:            What are the most common types of error in healthcare prescriptions?            What kind of information technology is used in the provision of proper prescription?            Are there specific errors that are related to inconsistently provided information in the same prescription order entry? Methodology            In this study, both primary and secondary data collection methods will be employed. It will include the use of surveys for the collection of first-hand information. In this sense questionnaires and interviews from the participants will also be used to gather information for the data. For accuracy and proper validation, these will be combined with secondary sources such as the national health statistics (Wu, Pronovost, Morlock 88). Data analysis            In this study, the..method of data analysis will be used. The method mainly†¦. Findings            Previous research performed on this topic revealed that†¦..Thus, in relation to this study, it was evident that†¦.. Conclusion            It is important that the laid down professional ethics are adhered to in different fields. This is especially within the medical field where a slight mistake can lead to devastating consequences. Therefore, healthcare providers are always obligated to use the knowledge that they acquired in their studies as well as new knowledge and practices appropriately. They should ensure that drugs are prescribed in the most proper ways to avoid errors. In particular, computerized drug entries should be counterchecked to eliminate disparities. However, owing to the continuous change in the nature of disease processes and hence the production of advanced drug formulas, there is need to conduct more research. These will provide more guidance to guarantee safe drug prescription by providers of healthcare services using new technological methods. References Benjamin, D. M. Reducing medication errors and increasing patient safety: case studies inclinical pharmacology. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2003; 43:768–83. Carroll, P. Medication issues: the bigger picture. RN. 2003; 66(1):52–8. Wu, A. W., Pronovost, P., and Morlock, L. ICU incident reporting systems. Journal of Critical Care. 2006; 17(2):86–94 Source document

The Four Theories of Government

Akira Simmons 3/5/09 Government There were fourdifferent theories of governments, the force theory, the evolutionary rule, the divine right theory, and social contract theory. The Force theory was when one person or group of people gained control of the area and forced others to submit to their rule. The evolutionary Rule basically said that the states would develop naturally out of family clans, tribes, ect. The divine right theory said that the state was created by God and God gave people of royal birth the â€Å"divine right to rule†. The social contract theory was created by Thomas Hobbes and he believed that before the state people were British. People lived poorly and to improve their lives people could enter into a social contract where a superior person would rule over the rest. None of these four different theories of governments would be a best fit for the United States today. The force theory should not be a government for the United States. A dictator or a group of dictators would make all decisions and there would be no rights for U. S. citizens. The people would have no say and would not be able to vote on anything. The dictator would have all control. In the United States today, we do not use the force theory, but rather a democracy. The Force theory would not be best fit for the United States because with one person having all control, the people of the United States would not have a government that would not be able to exercise their amendments. The evolutionary Rule would also not be a best fit for the United States because in the evolutionary rule, there is no one with control. There would be no form of government and the states would be separate depending on what family you were born into. The area the family clan or tribe originated from would become part of that state. The states would develop naturally rather than families moving throughout each state. This theory would not be a best fit for the United States because there would be no form of government and the families would be born into a state. The divine right theory is mostly based on religion and would not be a good way to govern in the United States because people practice different religions. God gave people of the royal birth the â€Å"divine right to rule†, but not all people believe in the same religion or God. Not only would religion be an issue but also the royal family factor. In the United States, there are no royal families, but there are wealthy, middle class, and the low class. The â€Å"divine right to rule† is not used in the United States because of the different religions. This theory would not be best fit for the United States because the United States does not rule based on religion and there are no royal families. The Social contract theory was created by Thomas Hobbes and he basically stated that the state people were British. People were poor and to improve their lives people would enter into a social contract where one superior person ruled over the rest. This would not be a best fit form of government for the United States today because not everybody lives poor in every state. Each state has a different group of lower class, middle class, and upper class. This also would not be good government for the U. S. because with one superior person ruling there would be no democracy. The United States does not use the social contract today because of these reasons. The four theories of forms of government were all different from one another. These theories are should not be used in the United States today because it’s a different time from when these theories were created. They also should not be used in the U. S. today because there are different reasons the theories would not work in the U. S.

The Benefits of a Postgraduate Year

The Benefits of a Postgraduate Year While many students have discovered the benefits of a gap year between high school and college, some students choose to take a postgraduate or PG year after graduating from high school. Students can take advantage of this year-long program at their own private school or at another school. Many students attend a boarding school just for their postgraduate year, as boarding school allows these students to experience life away from home while still having the requisite structure and guidance from teachers and advisors. While the PG year has been traditionally known to support boys, an increasing number of girls are taking advantage of this important program. Here are some reasons students can benefit from a PG year at private school: Greater maturity It’s not news that students at both public and private four-year colleges are taking longer than ever to graduate from college. In fact, according to the ACT, only about half of all students graduate from four-year colleges within five years. In addition, also according to the ACT, about one-quarter of students at four-year colleges drop out and don’t return to school. Part of the reason for this high drop-out rate is that students don’t arrive on campus ready for independent college life. A PG year allows students to develop maturity by living on their own in a structured environment. While students at boarding schools must advocate for themselves and take responsibility for their work without their parents’ constant guidance, they have advisors and teachers who help them structure their time and who help them when needed. Better chances for college acceptance. While parents are often afraid that students who defer going to college for a year are fated never to go, the colleges themselves prefer to accept students after a so-called â€Å"gap year.† Colleges find that students who travel or work before college are more committed and focused when they arrive on campus. While a PG year isn’t technically the same as a gap year, it can also help students have an additional year of experience, and it can help them be more attractive to colleges. Many private schools offer PG programs that allow students opportunities to play sports, travel, and even participate in internships, all of which can greatly increase a students chances of getting into the college of their choice. Better academic skills. Many students who go on to be great college students simply don’t come into their own until later in high school. The later developmental curve tends to be particularly true of boys. They simply need one more year to build their academic skills when their minds are better able to learn and improve. Students who have learning disabilities may derive particular benefit from a PG year, as they may need time to assimilate new skills and improve their ability to advocate for themselves before confronting the independent world of college. A PG year at a boarding school will allow these types of students the ability to advocate for themselves in the supportive world of a high school, in which there are deans and teachers looking out for them, before being expected to do most of this work completely on their own in college.   Ability to build one’s athletic profile. Some students take a PG year so that they can add luster to their athletic profile before applying to college. For example, they may attend a boarding school known for excellence in a particular sport before applying to college to play that sport. Some boarding schools not only have better teams, but they also tend to attract the attention of college sports scouts. The extra year of school and training can also help players improve their strength, agility, and overall mastery of the sport. Private schools offer qualified college counselors who can help with the college search, too.   Access to better college counseling. Students who take a PG year may also enjoy access to better college counseling, particularly if they take their gap year at a top boarding school. A student applying to college from these types of boarding schools will benefit from the school’s experience and long record of admissions to competitive colleges, and the resources at these schools may be better than what the student had at his or her previous high school. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Best Deicer Types and How to Use

Best Deicer Types and How to Use The best deicer is the non-chemical backbreaking solution... the snow shovel. However, proper use of a chemical deicer can ease your battle with snow and ice. Note that I said proper use since a big issue with deicers is that they are used incorrectly. You want to use the minimum amount of product needed to loosen the snow or ice and then remove it with a shovel or plow, not cover the surface with deicer and wait for the salt to completely melt the snow or ice. Which product you use depends on your specific needs. Back in ye olden days, regular salt or sodium chloride was the usual choice for deicing roads and sidewalks. Now there are several deicer options, so you can choose the best deicer for your situation. The Transportation Research Board offers a tool to help you compare 42 deicer options based on price, environmental impact, temperature limit for melting snow or ice, and the infrastructure needed to use the product. For personal home or business use, youll probably see only a few different products on the market, so heres a summary of some of the pros and cons of the common deicers: Sodium chloride (rock salt or halite) Sodium chloride is inexpensive and helps keep moisture from accumulating on roads and walkways, but it is not an effective deicer at low temperatures [only good down to -9Â °C (15Â °F)], damages concrete, poisons the soil, and can kill plants and harm pets. Calcium chloride Calcium chloride works at very low temperatures and isnt as damaging to the soil and vegetation as sodium chloride, though it costs a bit more and may damage concrete. Calcium chloride attracts moisture, so it wont keep surfaces as dry as many other products. On the other hand, attracting moisture can be a good quality since calcium chloride releases heat when it reacts with water, so it can melt snow and ice on contact. All deicers must be in solution (liquid) in order to start working; calcium chloride can attract its own solvent. Magnesium chloride can do this too, though it isnt used as commonly as a deicer. Safe Paw This is an amide/glycol mixture rather than a salt. It is supposed to be safer for plants and pets than salt-based deicers, though I dont know much about it otherwise, except that it is more expensive than salt. Potassium chloride Potassium chloride doesnt work at extremely low temperatures and may cost a little more than sodium chloride, but it is relatively kind to vegetation and concrete. Corn-based products These products (e.g., Safe Walk) contain chlorides and work in very low temperatures, yet are supposed to be safe for yards and pets. They are expensive. CMA or calcium magnesium acetate CMA is safe for concrete and plants, but it is only good down to the same temperature as sodium chloride. CMA is better at preventing water from re-freezing than at melting snow and ice. CMA tends to leave a slush, which may be undesirable for sidewalks or driveways. Deicer Summary As you would imagine, calcium chloride is a popular low-temperature deicer. Potassium chloride is a popular warmer-winter choice. Many deicers are mixtures of different salts so that you get some of the advantages and disadvantages of each chemical.

What is feminismwhat is feminist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is feminismwhat is feminist - Essay Example My best friend, Cheng Zhang also has the same view that women should be free from any patriarchal control in the society. Cheng also associated herself with women celebrities like Wendi Deng and Hilary Clinton who are feminists. Cheng was proud to be a woman while responding during interviews and her body language was enthusiastic. My mother, Lei Wang was quite content to take care of her home and family where she is the home-maker. She declined to be a feminist as it would put her into mental stress and explained feminism as the role of a woman in taking responsibility and decisions in family life. My mother was quite conservative in her body language. My dad, Weijie Cai considers himself to be a feminist and believes that feminism is all about the aspect of equality of rights among men and women. He was quite assertive with his body language. The fifth and the last respondent was Abby Chen who is my dad’s friend and she is an acute feminist. She believes in women rights and has held events on feminism in China. She was quite aggressive in her body language. Trends were observed from the respondents that the young generation is more passionate of the feminist sentiment. The feminist sentiment is also strongly present in the previous generation as in the case of my dad’s friend but a higher percentage likes to go either by the concept of equal rights among men and women or some women may detach themselves to be called as feminist due to the aspects of man hating and unattractiveness associated with feminism. Looking at the aspect of Zombie feminism which explains the growth of feminism sentiment among the young generation from the stage of its apparent death over a period of time in modern era, I assumed that there would be varied responses from the interviewees on their consideration towards feminism. Although there were both positive and negative responses on feminist view, this could be