Cardiac Tissue Engineering Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cardiac Tissue Engineering - Term Paper Example The accordion-like, honeycomb, polymer scaffold matches the structural and mechanical characteristics of heart tissues by being directionally dependent. This means that the tissues that were cultivated on the scaffold gave similar electrophysiological responses to those of the native heart. The nature of the scaffold also intrinsically guides the alignment of cultured cells even without electrical stimulation (Engelmayr et al., 2008). Compared to previous scaffolds, this one has mechanical properties that are very similar to those of the native heart.   ‘application of principles and methods of engineering and life sciences toward fundamental understanding of structure-function relationship in normal and pathological mammalian tissues and the development of biological substitutes to restore, maintain or improve functions’ (as quoted in Eschenhagen & Zimmermann, 2005). Tissue engineering employs biological, engineering, and material sciences to replace and improve the function of biological tissues. There are three general strategies used (Langer & Vacanti, 1993): 3. implantation of cells on matrices to the body either in closed systems (where the implants are isolated from other tissues to prevent immune system attack), and open systems where the cells are incorporated into the system. Matrices (or scaffolds) may be created from natural materials or from synthetic polymers. The current techniques involve the production of tissues from donor cells that have been seeded on three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds, then inducing growth of new healthy tissues by culture and implantation of these scaffolds to the chosen organ.  

Conclusion of Online Contracts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conclusion of Online Contracts - Research Paper Example According to Deeksha Bhana and others, â€Å"an offer is an invitation by one party to create obligations with another party, which obligations will become legally binding upon the acceptance by the other party† . An offer must respect several legal requirements in order to be valid:  According to Deeksha Bhana and others, â€Å"an offer is an invitation by one party to create obligations with another party, which obligations will become legally binding upon the acceptance by the other party† . An offer must respect several legal requirements in order to be valid:  1. the offer must be made with animus contrahendi2. the offer must be complete, certain or at least ascertainable3. the offer must be communicated   to the offeree. In the online community, however, things are not so simple. Very often, these requirements are confusing or not observed by the participants, which further leads to serious legal issues. The author will analyze these legal requirements and e xplain them and the possibility of avoiding confusion at this moment.  This chapter will also analyze the concept of unilateral contract and the possibility of revocation of an offer.   1.2. Invitation to treat invitation to treat represents â€Å"an expression of willingness to negotiate. A person making an invitation to treat does not intend to be bound as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom the statement is addressed.†   Therefore, the main difference between an invitation to treat and an offer consists in their binding power. The paper will describe all the differences between these two concepts and analyze some possible situations that might occur due to the ambiguity of these two notions.  The main question that the author intends to answer in this part of the paper is: Is it an offer or an invitation to treat? In the answer to this question, the author will address to the concept of online advertisement and other important notions. This chapter will also analyze the concept of unilateral contracts and the possibility of revocation of an offer.  

Individual Report on Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Individual Report on Management - Essay Example It includes development of abilities and skills, building up of education and management, improving of self awareness and standard of life, and realization of aspirations. The concept of personal development is not limited to individual level but it also refers to the organizational level in terms of improvement in system, equipment, technology, method, practices and appraisal considerations in organization to support the personal development plan at individual level. A middle level manager needs to recognize his / her current and future role in Tesco Inc. Primarily the purpose of personal development plan is to assist the individuals to achieve their targets more effectively. A personal development plan offers several options to manager to improve his career and management style. Tesco is an international firm and mid-level managers effectively contribute at functional level. Therefore, PDP enables the Tesco’s mid level managers to list a variety of goals and steps for their development with respect to the analysis of their strengths and weaknesses and identifies the areas they need to emphasize with additional knowledge and better understanding. Tesco management can get short and long term aspirations to catch their strategic goals and have evidence regarding the progression towards the set target. Through PDP, Tesco management not only can improve their existing operations but it also facilitates them to review their existing and future plans. 1.2 Management Style In fact a management style is an overall application of leadership which the managers have to perform in terms of their role and tasks in Tesco. The handling of routine work and particular contingencies depends on the managerial styles. Lewin et al (1939) suggested a continuum theory of leadership that identified three basic styles which are used as management styles by managers at their level. Management styles vary from manager to manager in all organizations. Same is the case in Tesco. Th ere are some autocrat managers in Tesco who have little trust in group members and believe that money is the only reward that will motivate workers. At the other end of the continuum is the laissez-faire managers who have little or no self-confidence in their managerial role, they set no goals for the employees, and minimize the communication and interaction. Autocrat Democrat Laissez-faire Benevolent Autocrat (Fig. 1) The democratic management style can be the most effective and productive style for Tesco. The style encourages the subordinates by providing an opportunity to share their views in decision making process. Democratic style explains the reasons to the group for decisions when necessary and objectively communicates criticism and praise to subordinates. This in turn motivates the employees and feel them importance in organizational structure.

Organizational Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Communication - Research Paper Example Therefore, constant complimenting turns out to be a challenge especially among numerous males because they have to conform to what corporations advocate in effort to motivate other workers. Nature of communication aspect focuses on the proportion of time spent by the employees talking as well as listening. This aspect also varies across genders contrary to the workplace’s varied levels, which define an employee’s position. Studies reveal men tend to be poor listeners compared to the female gender whereby the latter excels in both (listening and talking). Males fail because of their culture and ego where the latter prompts them to act as â€Å"knowing it all†. The first step would entail acknowledging cultural diversity, which characterizes organization’s employees (Bair, 2009). Therefore, I will initiate training on professional communication across cultures (Marques, 2010). This is to equip the professionals with adequate social intelligence meant to have high tolerance levels and open-mindedness especially when mingling with workers from other cultures (Goodman, 2012). These skills will also enable them to have successful co-existence once the inception of the intended change commences, hence contribute actively to the attainment of the corporation’s

Portfolio Project Part 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio Project Part 5 - Essay Example Nonetheless, the general requirements of this job description include certification of an accountant by a professional accountant agency especially after the person training for the same has attained the basic college accounting and finance degree (Mason and Tarling, 2009). Despite the underlying specifications and different requirements, all accountants must be having fundamental principles including strong analytical and mathematics skills as well as vast accounting education. Hence, the first step to train an accountant is for them to attend basic college courses that provide them with basic accounting concepts. Accountants working for the small firms are usually responsible for keeping all books and financial records. Some of the records that are handled in the small firms include counts payable, payroll information, retail sales, account receivables, and the company investment information. This information is usually organized and kept in ledger form (Fulford, 2000). They must b e updated so that they reflect the financial health of the organization at all times. ... ached training will help the training accountant to understand and know importance of keeping company secrets especially financial secrets (Bragg and Roehl-Anderson, 2011). The training acquired in small firms will help the training accountant to improve in his accounting management skills and can apply the same in large firms as an accountant. The training accountant should know that there are slight differences in handling financial records of different firms, different in size. The accountants working in the large firms usually conduct internal audits to ascertain the accuracy of the company’s financial records. Notably, the larger firms usually have same degrees of biasness; thus, the accountants who handle such company financial materials regularly never handle such company audits. In this case, the company usually or it is advisable for the company to contract an outside accountant to audit such company material. This will reduce or eradicate the conflict of interest (Fu lford, 2000). Therefore, with different financial needs of different companies, the training accountant will be trained in different firms to have knowledge on how to handle different firms depending on size and financial needs. Other than the general roles of accountants, accountants usually tend to specialize within particular fields. In other words, accounting profession is vast and needs specialization. An accountant may decide to specialize in line with book keeping, taxation, or auditing (ACCA†¦, 2007). However, in most cases, some accountants usually venture in wide and different accounting fields in order to have vast and varied skills in managing accounting problems such accountant with varied skills and knowledge to serve their clients successfully and satisfactorily in different

Differentiaitng between market structures Essay

Differentiaitng between market structures - Essay Example An industry with a structure of perfect competition may be seen with a large number firms competing for consumers purchase, monopolistic competition has many while few firms are present in an oligopoly and monopoly has only one. Fruit and vegetable vendors in a marketplace are examples of perfect competition, home products producers like Unilever, Colgate-Palmolive and Procter and Gamble are under monopolistic competition, credit card companies such as Visa, MasterCard and American Express are oligopolists and Microsoft has monopolized the operating system for computers. The number of firms in an industry is dependent to the level or degree of barriers present in the market. A high level of barrier discourages if not totally eliminate new firms from joining the industry. This is true for oligopoly and monopoly. Barriers like high capital requirements, established loyalty from customers and collaboration or cartel may deter entrance of new or smaller firms. On the other hand, a lower degree to the point of absence of barrier may encourage the new entrants. A perfectly competitive market has no barrier at all, prices are set by the market itself and so the competition, price and non-price, is very healthy. A low level is observed in a monopolistic competition causing new firms to be attracted in joining the industry. The level of market power that a firm possesses reflects its control over price. However, this power depends on factors like the numbers of producers, the size of each firm, barriers to entry and the availability of substitute goods. With the existence of one or few producers, the power to control the market is automatically granted. The size of the firm relative to the size of the product market can affect its market power. A big firm could possess a small power if it is in a large industry but a small one could hold a lot of power if it is a small market. The ease or difficulty of entry into an industry limits the ability of a powerful firm to dict ate prices and flows of products (Schiller, 2006). If new firms will be willing to enter the market, share in the spoils and succeeded, the market power will also be distributed among the firms in the said market, otherwise the power will remain concentrated in the big players. With the fourth determinant, if there will be substitute goods that customers could avail of, prices will not be set at very high level and so they can decide to switch or choose the closest substitutes. The oligopoly and monopoly both hold substantial power to control the market, from the output production to dictation of prices. Monopolistic competition may hold some but the firms under perfect competition holds no power at all. As in other industries, the market structure of the computer industry has evolved over time. It was never a monopoly, nor was it ever a perfect competition (Schiller, 2006). It was more of a monopolistic competition. This market structure is characterized by several sellers producin g the same products that are slightly differentiated. Apple Inc. was one of the first companies who dominated this industry. Its success and high profits attracted other producers of microcomputers to imitate them. With the entry of over 250 firms between 1976 and 1983, the industry became more competitive but not perfectly competitive. Prices were pushed downward and products were improved because of the increased

The Age of Oversharing Essay Example for Free

The Age of Oversharing Essay â€Å"My battery in my phone is dying† or â€Å"Oh, he can tweet but can’t text back? † is what floods Twitter user’s timeline on a daily basis. Meghan Daum refers to this as the Age of Oversharing in her essay â€Å"I Don’t Give a Tweet What You’re Doing,† where she sarcastically dissects the controversies behind Twitter and how nearly fourteen million users have completely abandoned Twitter’s â€Å"initial function to serve as an information conduit between close friends and family† (233). Along with her beliefs of Twitter adding to our already compromised interpersonal skills she carries the tone of being bitter and harsh throughout her essay as she evaluates the many answers to the question â€Å"what are you doing? † with a better question â€Å"what the hell are we doing? † Although Twitter serves to connect others instantly it ceases human interaction almost instantly as well. We live in a world where everything around us is done almost instantly and more conveniently. Prime examples, fast food restaurants, self-serve salad bars, fast thirty day weight lost results and JG Wentworth’s â€Å"it’s my money and I need it now! We expect everything around us to move at a fast pace and that is exactly what is happening on Twitter, what you ate for breakfast, what article you read during lunch and your favorite show you watch every night before bed is now being shared with the world instantly with the click of a button. Daum refers to this as the Age of Oversharing, consecutive irrelevant post right after another which completely defeats the purpose of solely connecting with love ones not only because of geographical dispersions but also the reality of daily work and school commitments. Researchers at Harvard came up with studies that explain how Twitter has contributed to the Age of Oversharing and that is because nearly eighty percent of tweets on Twitter are of one’s own immediate experiences. This is because â€Å"researchers found that the act of disclosing information about oneself activates the same sensation of pleasure in the brain that we get from eating food, getting money or having sex† (Susan 2). That explains why every time I check my timeline someone either is willingly announcing that they are on the bus this morning for work or what kind of cereal that had this morning . I admit I am guilty of also tweeting about the day I just had or how I cannot wait for class to be over so I can watch Basketball Wives later that night on VH1. Our constant tweets reveal to our followers what we are truly about. Twitter can be obnoxious at times, constantly viewing irrelevant tweets from your followers on a daily basis. Daum takes the time to evaluate Twitter as if it were a person, stating that Twitter would be â€Å"an emotionally unstable person†¦that person we avoid at parties† (233). She goes further to add that Twitter will be the person we would view as mentally ill and will eventually feel sorry for. Her tone here towards Twitter is depicted as being fed up with users disclosed thoughts of one’s self. Daum examines these tweets as unstable and this is apparent because if you take away the whole purpose and backbone of Twitter, it is just mostly users microblogging their every move and thought. Looking at the bigger picture this is when â€Å"I don’t give a tweet what you’re doing† becomes notable. It is true that we all have that one friend that constantly rambles about something either random or irrelevant. My friend Bobby is that friend that mirrors Daum’s reflection of Twitter as a person. For instance, Bobby is always looking for attention and if no one is giving it to her she splats out something pointless just like most Twitter users do. I would rather not answer her phone calls because she can go on about herself and drift off upon pointless conversations becoming â€Å"the tragic oversharer† we would all like to avoid. Today since gestures like a wave hello or a polite smile are now being used more openly than before in emoticons through social networks, face to face interaction between people has now diminished. Daum asks the question of, are we tweeting because we truly want to communicate with a select group of true friends, or because typing has replaced talking? Being that free thoughts and videos are now instantly streaming to friends and family over Twitter, there leaves little room for story telling of a series of unfortunate events that can fit in a 140 character text box. It seems many prefer typing over talking, this can also explain the oversharing on social networks. Daum argues that we have misused Twitter for what it is really worth; instead of spoken words they are typed. I see this in my best friend Stephanie’s family where favors and questions for each other are preferred typed. Just last week I was over, Stephanie’s older brother sent her a tweet asking her â€Å"where is the remote? † Spoken communication becomes absent as connecting online becomes apparent more and more. Collectively, more ideas are being typed instead of spoken and excessive feelings are being squeezed into emoticons rather than expressed in person. In â€Å"I Don’t Give a Tweet What You’re Doing† Daum argues that this generation has entered the Age of Oversharing and has left the age of the telephone. Obnoxious and pointless tweets fed our ego’s.